Difference between revisions of "COVISE and OpenCOVER support"

Latest revision as of 11:32, 22 May 2013

COVISE Tutorial

There is a six-lecture video course on Youtube at:

Lecture 1, Lecture 2, Lecture 3, Lecture 4, Lecture 5, Lecture 6

The accompanying slides are at:

Lecture 1, Lecture 2, Lecture 3, Lecture 4, Lecture 5, Lecture 6

Some of the slides of this course have been generously provided by Dr. Uwe Woessner from HLRS.

General information about COVISE modules

The entire COVISE installation, including all plugins, is located at /home/covise/covise/. Each user should have a link in their home directory named 'covise' which points to this directory. There should also be a link 'plugins' which points to the plugins directory: /home/covise/plugins/. You should put all the plugins you write into the directory: plugins/calit2/.

Other directories you might need throughout the project are:

• covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER/kernel/: core OpenCOVER functionality, especially coVRPluginSupport.cpp
• covise/src/kernel/OpenVRUI/: OpenCOVER's user interface elements. useful documentation in doc/html subdirectory; browse by running Firefox on index.html
• covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER/osgcaveui/: special CaveUI functions, not required in class but useful

You compile your plugin with the 'make' command, or 'make verbose' if you want to see the full compiler commands. This creates a library file in covise/rhel5/lib/OpenCOVER/plugins/. Covise uses qmake, so the make file is being generated by the .pro file. The name of the plugin is determined by the project name in the .pro file in your plugin directory (first line, keyword TARGET). I defaulted TARGET to be p1<username> for project #1. It is important that the TARGET name be unique, or else you will overwrite somebody else's plugin. You can change the name of your source files or add additional source files (.cpp,.h) by listing them after the SOURCES tag in the .pro file.

You run OpenCOVER by typing 'opencover' anywhere at the command line. You quit opencover by hitting the 'q' key on the keyboard or ctrl-c in the shell window you started it from.

Good examples for plugins are plugins/Volume and plugins/PDBPlugin. Look at the code in these plugins to find out how to add menu items and how to do interaction. Note that there are two ways to do interaction: with pure OpenCOVER routines, or with OSGCaveUI. In this course we will try to use only OpenCOVER's own routines. Plugins do not get loaded by opencover before they are configured in the configuration file.

Important Directories and URLs

• /home/covise/covise/config: configuration files
• /home/covise/covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER/plugins/calit2: Calit2 plugin code
• /home/covise/covise/extern_libs/src/OpenSceneGraph-2.8.2: OpenSceneGraph installation directory
• /home/covise/covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER: OpenCOVER source directory; core functions are in kernel subdirectory
• /home/covise/covise/src/kernel/OpenVRUI: virtual reality user interface widgets
• http://www.openscenegraph.org: main OSG web site
• http://openscenegraph.org/archiver/osg-users: OSG email archive. If you have an OSG problem, this is a good place to start.

Covise configuration files

The configuration files are in the directory /home/covise/covise/config. The most important files are:

• ivl.xml: general configuration information for all lab machines on the 2nd floor and room 6307
• NODENAME.xml: node specific information, e.g., sand.xml for sand.ucsd.edu
• cwall.xml: C-wall specific configuration information (cwall-1 and cwall-2.ucsd.edu)
• Xml configuration files can be syntax validated with xmllint, e.g. xmllint --debug --noout sand.xml

The configuration files are XML files which can be edited with any ASCII text editor (vi, emacs, nedit, gedit, ...). There are sections specific for certain machines. To load your plugin (e.g., MyPlugin) on one or more machines (e.g., chert and sand), you need to add or modify a section to contain:

 <LOCAL host="chert,sand">
   <COVER>
     <Plugin>
       <MyPlugin value="on" />
     </Plugin>
   </COVER>
 </LOCAL>

Screen configuration:

OpenCOVER requires the following global tags to be configured for a proper display configuration: PipeConfig, WindowConfig, and ChannelConfig. Another required tag, ScreenConfig, needs to be set on a node by node basis, because it differs for every screen. In the following example, a cluster with one graphics card (pipe) per rendering node, one large desktop in Twinview mode (window) of size 3840x1200 pixels, and two separate rendering windows (channels), each 1920x1200 pixels, are being configured.

 <PipeConfig>
   <Pipe display=":0.0" name="0" screen="0" pipe="0" /> 
 </PipeConfig>
 <WindowConfig>
   <Window width="3840" comment="MAIN" window="0" pipeIndex="0" height="1200" left="0" bottom="0" name="0" decoration="false" /> 
 </WindowConfig>
 <ChannelConfig>
   <Channel windowIndex="0" stereoMode="LEFT" channel="0" left="0" width="1920" bottom="0" height="1200" comment="C_A" name="0" /> 
   <Channel windowIndex="0" stereoMode="LEFT" channel="1" left="1920" width="1920" bottom="0" height="1200" comment="C_B" name="1" /> 
 </ChannelConfig>

The display parameters for the tiles are set on a per node basis with the ScreenConfig tag. The following example configures two tiles for node 'tile-0-0'. On each tile, the visible screen dimensions are 520x325 millimeters. The centers of the monitors are offset from the world coordinate system horizontaly by -1100 and -570 millimeters, respectively, and -360 millimeters vertically. A proper configuration file will list a section like the one below for every rendering node.

 <LOCAL host="tile-0-0.local">
   <COVER>
     <ScreenConfig>
       <Screen width="520" h="0.0" height="325" p="0.0" originX="-1100" comment="S_A" originY="0" r="0.0" name="0" originZ="-360" screen="0" /> 
       <Screen width="520" h="0.0" height="325" p="0.0" originX="-570"  comment="S_B" originY="0" r="0.0" name="1" originZ="-360" screen="1" /> 
     </ScreenConfig>
   </COVER>
 </LOCAL>

The head node needs to be configured in the same way. If you are navigating with a mouse on the head node, you probably want to configure a larger screen size for the head node, so that it covers a larger area of the tiled screen. You can do this by adjusting the width and height values, but you want to make sure that the aspect ratio of the new values corresponds to the one of the OpenCOVER window.

Create new plugin using SVN and copy over to StarCAVE

To create new plugin:

> cd ~/plugins/calit2
> mkdir your_new_plugin_folder
> svn add your_new_plugin_folder
> cd your_new_plugin_folder
> svn commit

Move to StarCAVE:

Loggin to StarCAVE
> cd ~/plugins/calit2
> svn update your_new_plugin_folder

From now on, just use svn update and commit inside your plugin folder.

Change Default VRUI Menu Position/Size

Let WindowTitle be the title of the window (the text in its title bar). Then add the following section to the config file:

  <COVER>
    <VRUI>
      <WindowTitle>
        <Menu>
          <Position x="0" y="0" z="0" />
          <Size value="1.0" />
        </Menu>
      </WindowTitle>
    </VRUI>
  </COVER>

Configure Lighting

By default there is a light source from 45 degrees up behind the viewer. To change this the following parameters can be set in the config file:

<COVER>
  <Lights>
    <Sun>
      <Specular value="on" r="1.0" g="1.0" b="1.0" />
      <Diffuse value="on" r="1.0" g="1.0" b="1.0" />
      <Ambient value="on" r="0.3" g="0.3" b="0.3" />
      <Position value="on" x="0.0" y="0.0" z="10000.0" />
      <Spot value="on" x="0.0" y="0.0" z="1.0" expo="0.0" angle="180.0" />
    </Sun>
    <Lamp>
      <Specular value="on" r="1.0" g="1.0" b="1.0" />
      <Diffuse value="on" r="1.0" g="1.0" b="1.0" />
      <Ambient value="on" r="0.3" g="0.3" b="0.3" />
      <Position value="on" x="0.0" y="0.0" z="10000.0" />
      <Spot value="on" x="0.0" y="0.0" z="1.0" expo="0.0" angle="180.0" />
    </Lamp>
    <Light1>
      <Specular value="on" r="1.0" g="1.0" b="1.0" />
      <Diffuse value="on" r="1.0" g="1.0" b="1.0" />
      <Ambient value="on" r="0.3" g="0.3" b="0.3" />
      <Position value="on" x="0.0" y="0.0" z="10000.0" />
      <Spot value="on" x="0.0" y="0.0" z="1.0" expo="0.0" angle="180.0" />
    </Light1>
    <Light2>
      <Specular value="on" r="1.0" g="1.0" b="1.0" />
      <Diffuse value="on" r="1.0" g="1.0" b="1.0" />
      <Ambient value="on" r="0.3" g="0.3" b="0.3" />
      <Position value="on" x="0.0" y="0.0" z="10000.0" />
      <Spot value="on" x="0.0" y="0.0" z="1.0" expo="0.0" angle="180.0" />
    </Light2>
  </Lights>
</COVER>

Debugging OpenCover Plugins

OpenCover code can be debugged with gdb. If it throws a 'Segmentation Fault' make sure the core is getting dumped with 'unlimit coredumpsize'. Then you should find a file named 'core' or 'core.<pid>' in the directory you are running opencover from. Let's assume your latest core file is called core.4567 then you can run gdb with:

• gdb ~/covise/rhel5/bin/Renderer/OpenCOVER core.4567

RETURN through the startup screens until you get a command prompt. The two most important commands are:

• bt: to display the stack trace. The topmost call is the one which caused the segmentation fault.
• quit: to quit gdb

Documentation for gdb is at: http://sourceware.org/gdb/documentation/

Create OpenCOVER Menus

Here is an example which creates a sub-menu off the main OpenCOVER menu with two check boxes.

In header file:

Step #1: Derive plugin class from coMenuListener. Example:

  class MyClass : public coVRPlugin, public coMenuListener

Step #2: Declare attributes for menu items. Example:

  coSubMenuItem*         _myMenuItem;
  coRowMenu*             _myMenu;
  coCheckboxMenuItem*    _myFirstCheckbox, *_mySecondCheckbox;

Step #3: Declare menu callback function. Example:

  void menuEvent(coMenuItem*);

In .cpp file:

Step #4: Create menu in init() callback. Example:

void MyClass::createMenus()
{
  _myMenuItem = new coSubMenuItem("My Menu");
  _myMenu = new coRowMenu("My Menu");
  _myMenuItem->setMenu(_myMenu);

  _myFirstCheckbox = new coCheckboxMenuItem("First Checkbox", true);
  _myMenu->add(_myFirstCheckbox);
  _myFirstCheckbox->setMenuListener(this);

  _mySecondCheckbox = new coCheckboxMenuItem("Second Checkbox", false);
  _myMenu->add(_mySecondCheckbox);
  _mySecondCheckbox->setMenuListener(this);
 
  cover->getMenu()->add(_myMenuItem);
}

Step #5: Create callback function for menu interaction. Example:

void MyClass::menuEvent(coMenuItem* item)
{
  if(item == _myFirstCheckbox)
  {
    _myFirstCheckbox->setState(true);
    _mySecondCheckbox->setState(false);
  }
  if(item == _mySecondCheckbox)
  {
    _myFirstCheckbox->setState(false);
    _mySecondCheckbox->setState(true);
  }
}

Wall Clock Time

If you are going to animate anything, keep in mind that the rendering system runs anywhere between 1 and 100 frames per second, so you can't rely on the time between frames being anything you assume. Instead, you will want to know exactly how much time has passed since you last rendered something, i.e., you last preFrame() call. You should use cover->frameTime(), or better cover->frameDuration(); these return a double value with the number of seconds (at an accuracy of milli- or even microseconds) passed since the start of the program, or since the last preFrame(), respectively.

Tracker Data

Here is a piece of code to get the pointer (=wand) position (pos1) and a point 1000 millimeters from it (pos2) along the pointer line:

  osg::Vec3 pointerPos1Wld = cover->getPointerMat().getTrans();
  osg::Vec3 pointerPos2Wld = osg::Vec3(0.0, 1000.0, 0.0);
  pointerPos2Wld = pointerPos2Wld * cover->getPointerMat();

This is the way to get the head position in world space:

  Vec3 viewerPosWld = cover->getViewerMat().getTrans();

Or in object space:

  Vec3 viewerPosWld = cover->getViewerMat().getTrans();
  Vec3 viewerPosObj = viewerPosWld * cover->getInvBaseMat();

Taking a Screenshot from within OpenCOVER

The first solution is courtesy of Emmett McQuinn. He says: "This code is fairly robust in our application, it captures the screen with the proper orientation when a trackball manipulator is used and returns to the proper orientation so the end user's view is never modified. It also preserves the correct aspect ratio and works with double buffering. The routine take an offscreen framebuffer capture, which can be higher than the native display resolution (up to 8k on modern cards)."

#include "ScreenCapture.h"
#include <osgGA/TrackballManipulator>
#include <osgDB/WriteFile>
#include <assert.h>
#include <type/emath.h>
#include <cmath>

bool osge::ScreenCapture(const char *filename, osgViewer::Viewer *viewer, int width, int height, bool keepRatio, bool doubleBuffer)
{
	// current technologies (quadro FX 5800) can support up to 8192x8192 framebuffer
	//	the frame buffer does not have to be square
	//	most recent cards should be able to do 4096x4096
	const int max_pixels = 8192;

	assert(width <= max_pixels);
	assert(height <= max_pixels);

	osg::Image *shot = new osg::Image();

	int w = width;
	int h = height;

    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Camera> newcamera = new osg::Camera;
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Camera> oldcamera = viewer->getCamera();

	// if we want to keep the native ratio rather than given pixels
	if (keepRatio)
	{
		// will never be larger than the parameters width and height
		double fov, ratio, near, far;
		oldcamera->getProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(fov, ratio, near, far);

		if (emath::isnan(ratio) || (std::abs(ratio -0.0) < 0.01) || (ratio < 0))
		{
			// orthographic projection
			double left, right, bottom, top;
			oldcamera->getProjectionMatrixAsOrtho(left, right, bottom, top, near, far);
			float dw = right - left;
			float dh = top - bottom;
			ratio = dw / dh;
		}

		const int max_w = width;
		w = h * ratio;
		if (w > max_w)
		{
			w = max_w;
			h = w / ratio;
		}
	}

	shot->allocateImage(w, h, 1, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE);

	// store old camera settings
	osgGA::TrackballManipulator *manipulator = (osgGA::TrackballManipulator*)viewer->getCameraManipulator();
	osg::Vec3 eye, center, up;
    oldcamera->getViewMatrixAsLookAt(eye,center,up);
	center = manipulator->getCenter();
	manipulator->setHomePosition(eye, center, up);
    //Copy the settings from sceneView-camera to get exactly the view the user sees at the moment:
	//newcamera->setClearColor(oldcamera->getClearColor());

	newcamera->setClearColor(osg::Vec4(0,0,0,0));

    newcamera->setClearMask(oldcamera->getClearMask());
    newcamera->setColorMask(oldcamera->getColorMask());
    newcamera->setTransformOrder(oldcamera->getTransformOrder());

	// just inherit the main cameras view
	newcamera->setReferenceFrame(osg::Transform::ABSOLUTE_RF);
	osg::Matrixd proj = oldcamera->getProjectionMatrix();
	newcamera->setProjectionMatrix(proj);
	osg::Matrixd view = oldcamera->getViewMatrix();
	newcamera->setViewMatrix(view);

	// set viewport
	newcamera->setViewport(0, 0, w, h);

	// set the camera to render before the main camera.
	newcamera->setRenderOrder(osg::Camera::POST_RENDER);

	// tell the camera to use OpenGL frame buffer object where supported.
	newcamera->setRenderTargetImplementation(osg::Camera::FRAME_BUFFER_OBJECT);

	// attach the texture and use it as the color buffer.
	newcamera->attach(osg::Camera::COLOR_BUFFER, shot);

	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> root_node = viewer->getSceneData();

     // add subgraph to render
    newcamera->addChild(root_node.get());

    //Need to make it part of the scene :
    viewer->setSceneData(newcamera.get());

    //I make it frame
	viewer->frame();
	if (doubleBuffer)
	{
	// double buffered so two frames
		viewer->frame();
	}

	bool ret = osgDB::writeImageFile(*shot, filename);;

	//Reset the old data to the sceneView, so it doesn´t always render to image:
    viewer->setSceneData(root_node.get());

	// need to reset to regular frame for camera manipulator to work properly
	viewer->frame();

	viewer->home();

	return ret;
}

bool osge::BracketCapture(const char *filebase, osgViewer::Viewer *viewer, int width, int height, bool keepRatio, bool doubleBuffer)
{
	osgGA::TrackballManipulator *manipulator = (osgGA::TrackballManipulator*)viewer->getCameraManipulator();

	// take persp screenshot
	char filename[2048];
	sprintf(filename, "%s_persp.jpg", filebase);
	bool ret = ScreenCapture(filename, viewer, width, height, keepRatio, doubleBuffer);

	osg::Camera *camera = viewer->getCamera();


	// take front, right ortho's

	// backup projection matrix
	osg::Quat originalRotation = manipulator->getRotation();
	osg::Matrix originalProjection = camera->getProjectionMatrix();

	// set to ortho
	// top
	osg::Quat topRotation(0,0,0,1);
	// front
	osg::Quat frontRotation(1,0,0,1);
	{
	osg::Vec3 axis(0,1,0);
        double angle = osg::PI;
        osg::Quat rot;
        rot.makeRotate(angle, axis);
        frontRotation = rot * frontRotation;
	}
	// right
	osg::Quat rightRotation(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5);

	// set to ortho
	osg::Vec3 eye, center, up;
	camera->getViewMatrixAsLookAt(eye,center,up);
	double fovy, ratio, near, far;
	// assumes captured in perspective
	camera->getProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(fovy, ratio, near, far);
	float distance = eye.length();
	float top = (distance) * std::tan(fovy * osg::PI/180.f * 0.5);
	float right = top * ratio;

	camera->setProjectionMatrixAsOrtho(-right, right, -top, top, 0.1, 100);
	// bracket 3 views

	manipulator->setRotation(topRotation);
	sprintf(filename, "%s_top.jpg", filebase);
	// takes a frame to update the camera from the manipulator
	viewer->frame();
	ret &= ScreenCapture(filename, viewer, width, height, keepRatio, doubleBuffer);

	manipulator->setRotation(frontRotation);
	sprintf(filename, "%s_front.jpg", filebase);
	viewer->frame();
	ret &= ScreenCapture(filename, viewer, width, height, keepRatio, doubleBuffer);

	manipulator->setRotation(rightRotation);
	sprintf(filename, "%s_right.jpg", filebase);
	viewer->frame();
	ret &= ScreenCapture(filename, viewer, width, height, keepRatio, doubleBuffer);

	// set to projection
	camera->setProjectionMatrix(originalProjection);
	manipulator->setRotation(originalRotation);
	viewer->frame();

	return ret;
}

The second solution is from an email thread at http://osgcvs.no-ip.com/osgarchiver/archives/April2007/0083.html using wxWindows. The basic idea is to use osg::camera, which allows you to take a screenshot at higher than physical display resolution.

Hi, 

I have solved this by setting the HUD-Camera to "NESTED_RENDER" and 
putting all geometries of the HUD-Node into the transparent bin. 

So this is how it works: 

I have a sceneView with scene-Data. 

I remove the scene-Data from the sceneView, add it to a cameraNode and 
then add this cameraNode to the sceneView. 
Then I update the sceneView, the cameraNOde renders to the image, and 
then I remove the camera Node again and put the sceneData into the 
sceneView back again. 

The trouble was: I wanted to save work by constructing the cameraNode 
with the copy-Constructor starting with the original sceneView´s camera. 
This was not a good idea, probably because the renderToImage could not 
be set to Image after being constructed with the copyConstructor. 

So anyone who would like to have a simple, high-res screenshot, here is 
the complete source: 

    shot = new osg::Image(); 
    
   //This is wxWidgets-Stuff to get the image ratio: 
    int w = 0; int h = 0; 
    GetClientSize(&w, &h); 
    
    int newSize = (int) wxGetNumberFromUser(_("Geben Sie die Breite des 
Bildes in Pixeln an: "), _("Aufloesung:"), _("Aufloesung"), w, 300, 5000 ); 
    if (newSize == -1) 
        return false; 
    
    
    float ratio = (float)w/(float)h; 
    w = newSize; 
    
    
    h = (int)((float)w/ratio); 
    
    shot->allocateImage(w, h, 1, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE); 
    
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> subgraph = TheDocument->RootGroup.get(); 
    
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Camera> camera = new osg::Camera; 
    
    
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Camera> oldcamera = sceneView->getCamera(); 
    //Copy the settings from sceneView-camera to get exactly the view 
the user sees at the moment: 
    camera->setClearColor(oldcamera->getClearColor() ); 
    camera->setClearMask(oldcamera->getClearMask() ); 
    camera->setColorMask(oldcamera->getColorMask() ); 
    camera->setTransformOrder(oldcamera->getTransformOrder() ); 
    camera->setProjectionMatrix(oldcamera->getProjectionMatrix() ); 
    camera->setViewMatrix(oldcamera->getViewMatrix() ); 
    
    // set view 
    camera->setReferenceFrame(osg::Transform::ABSOLUTE_RF); 


    // set viewport 
    camera->setViewport(0,0,w,h); 


    // set the camera to render before after the main camera. 
    camera->setRenderOrder(osg::Camera::POST_RENDER); 


    // tell the camera to use OpenGL frame buffer object where supported. 
    camera->setRenderTargetImplementation(osg::Camera::FRAME_BUFFER_OBJECT); 


    
    camera->attach(osg::Camera::COLOR_BUFFER, shot.get()); 
    


    // add subgraph to render 
    camera->addChild(subgraph.get()); 
    //camera->addChild(TheDocument->GetHUD().get() ); 
    //Need to mage it part of the scene : 
    sceneView->setSceneData(camera.get()); 
    //Make it frame: 
    
    sceneView->update(); 
    sceneView->cull(); 
    sceneView->draw(); 
    
    //Write the image the wxWidgets-Way, which works better for me: 
    wxImage img; 
    img.Create(w, h); 
    img.SetData(shot->data()); 
    //Damit der Destruktor des Image nicht meckert: 
    shot.release(); 
    
    wxImage i2 = img.Mirror(false); 
    i2.SaveFile(filename); 
    
    //Reset the old data to the sceneView, so it doesn´t always render 
to image: 
    sceneView->setSceneData(subgraph.get() ); 
    
    //This would work, too: 
    //return osgDB::writeImageFile(*shot, filename.c_str() ); 
    
    return true; 

Another approach for a screenshot is to create an object derived from osg::Geometry, for instance a rectangle, and put the following code in its drawImplementation().

/** Copy the currently displayed OpenGL image to a memory buffer and
  resize the image if necessary.
  @param w,h image size in pixels
  @param data _allocated_ memory space providing w*h*3 bytes of memory space
  @return memory space to which volume was rendered. This need not be the same
          as data, if internal space is used.
*/
void takeScreenshot(int w, int h, uchar* data)
{
  uchar* screenshot;
  GLint viewPort[4];                              // x, y, width, height of viewport
  int x, y;
  int srcIndex, dstIndex, srcX, srcY;
  int offX, offY;                                 // offsets in source image to maintain aspect ratio
  int srcWidth, srcHeight;                        // actually used area of source image

  // Save GL state:
  glPushAttrib(GL_ALL_ATTRIB_BITS);

  // Prepare reading:
  glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewPort);
  screenshot = new uchar[viewPort[2] * viewPort[3] * 3];
  glDrawBuffer(GL_FRONT);                         // set draw buffer to front in order to read image data
  glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);            // Important command: default value is 4, so allocated memory wouldn't suffice

  // Read image data:
  glReadPixels(0, 0, viewPort[2], viewPort[3], GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, screenshot);

  // Restore GL state:
  glPopAttrib();

  // Maintain aspect ratio:
  if (viewPort[2]==w && viewPort[3]==h)
  {                                               // movie image same aspect ratio as OpenGL window?
    srcWidth  = viewPort[2];
    srcHeight = viewPort[3];
    offX = 0;
    offY = 0;
  }
  else if ((float)viewPort[2] / (float)viewPort[3] > (float)w / (float)h)
  {                                               // movie image more narrow than OpenGL window?
    srcHeight = viewPort[3];
    srcWidth = srcHeight * w / h;
    offX = (viewPort[2] - srcWidth) / 2;
    offY = 0;
  }
  else                                            // movie image wider than OpenGL window
  {
    srcWidth = viewPort[2];
    srcHeight = h * srcWidth / w;
    offX = 0;
    offY = (viewPort[3] - srcHeight) / 2;
  }

  // Now resample image data:
  for (y=0; y<h; ++y)
  {
    for (x=0; x<w; ++x)
    {
      dstIndex = 3 * (x + (h - y - 1) * w);
      srcX = offX + srcWidth  * x / w;
      srcY = offY + srcHeight * y / h;
      srcIndex = 3 * (srcX + srcY * viewPort[2]);
      memcpy(data + dstIndex, screenshot + srcIndex, 3);
    }
  }
  delete[] screenshot;
}

Message Passing

This is how you can send a message from the master to all nodes in the rendering cluster. These functions are defined in covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER/kernel/coVRMSController.h.

if(coVRMSController::instance()->isMaster())
{
  coVRMSController::instance()->sendSlaves((char*)&appReceiveBuffer,sizeof(receiveBuffer));
}
else
{
  coVRMSController::instance()->readMaster((char*)&appReceiveBuffer,sizeof(receiveBuffer));
}

The above functions make heavy use of the class coVRSlave (covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER/kernel/coVRSlave.h). This class uses the Socket class to implement the communication between nodes. The Socket class can be used, using a different port, to implement communication between rendering nodes without going through the master node. The Socket class is defined in /home/covise/covise/src/kernel/net/covise_socket.h. The Socket class can also be used to communicate with a computer outside of the visualization cluster.

Notice that the above functions are for communication WITHIN a rendering cluster. In order to send a message to a remote OpenCOVER (running on another rendering cluster connected via a WAN) you would use cover->sendMessage. The source code for this function is at covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER/kernel/coVRPluginSupport.h.

How to Add Third Party Libraries to OpenCOVER

• Put the library sources in ~covise/covise/extern_libs/src
• Build the library
• Two options for the installation (do NOT install to /usr/lib64):
  • 1) Install the .so files in ~covise/covise/extern_libs/lib64 and the .h files in ~covise/covise/extern_libs/include
  • 2) Leave the .so and .h files where they are and register their paths in OpenCOVER:
    • Give library a unique name, for instance 'bluetooth'.
    • Add an entry to /home/covise/covise/common/mkspecs/config-extern.pri, for instance:

bluetooth {
   INCLUDEPATH *= $$(BLUETOOTH_INC)
   LIBS += $$(BLUETOOTH_LIB)
}

• • • Add environment variables to .cshrc:

setenv BLUETOOTH_INC $EXTERNLIBS/src/bluetooth/include
setenv BLUETOOTH_LIB "-L$EXTERNLIBS/src/bluetooth/lib64 -lbluetooth"

• • • Add library name to plugin's .pro file:

CONFIG          *= coappl colib openvrui math vrml97 bluetooth

Moving an object with the pointer

Here is some sample code to move an object. object2w is the object's transformation matrix in world space. lastWand2w and wand2w are the wand matrices from the previous and current frames, respectively, from cover->getPointer().

void move(Matrix& lastWand2w, Matrix& wand2w)
{
    // Compute difference matrix between last and current wand:
    Matrix invLastWand2w = Matrix::inverse(lastWand2w);
    Matrix wDiff = invLastWand2w * wand2w;

    // Perform move:
    _node->setMatrix(object2w * wDiff);
}

Covise Animation Manager

Covise's Animation Manager provides a simple way to mark time. It allows the user to navigate through a series of frames either automatically at a variable frame-rate, or manually by stepping forwards or backwards.

First, include the following line of code:

  #include <kernel/coVRAnimationManager.h>

Here is a simple example of an Animation Manager setup.

  coVRAnimationManager::instance()->setAnimationSpeed(int framerate);  //Set the default frame-rate for playback
  coVRAnimationManager::instance()->enableAnimation(bool play);        //Set the animation to play/pause by default
  coVRAnimationManager::instance()->setAnimationFrame(int frame);      //Set the first frame
  coVRAnimationManager::instance()->showAnimMenu(bool on);             //Add the "Animation" SubMenu to the Opencover Main Menu, or remove it
  coVRAnimationManager::instance()->setNumTimesteps(int steps, this);  //Set the total number of frames to cycle through

This can be done at initialization or at any point during program execution.

The Animation Manager has been setup and can now provide information to the rest of your program. Calling

  coVRAnimationManager::instance()->getAnimationFrame();

Will return the current frame number. This frame number will automatically loop back to zero after it reaches the value provided to setNumTimesteps.

Finally, you can jump to a specific frame by calling

  coVRAnimationManager::instance()->setAnimationFrame(int framenumber);

Occlusion Culling

Occlusion culling removes objects which are hidden behind other objects in the culling stage so they never get rendered, thus resulting in a higher rendering rate. In covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER/kernel/VRViewer.cpp, the SceneView is being created. By default CullingMode gets set like this:

  osg::CullStack::CullingMode cullingMode = cover->screens[i].sceneView->getCullingMode();
  cullingMode &= ~(osg::CullStack::SMALL_FEATURE_CULLING);
  cover->screens[i].sv->setCullingMode(cullingMode);

There are several types of culling options available. However, the easiest way to test your culling code would be to set the cullingMode to ENABLE_ALL_CULLING.

There isn't any way to automatically add occlusion culling to a scene, you'll need to insert convex planar occluders into your scene. See the for inspiration. Be sure to check out the plugins that use occluders. The Calit2Building plugin shows the use of occluders generated from a .osg file of the model (/local/home/jschulze/svn/trunk/covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER/plugins/Calit2Building). However for a simple example of basic occlusion manipulation with matrix transforms be sure to visit the OccluderHelper plugin (/local/home/jschulze/svn/trunk/covise/src/renderer/OpenCOVER/plugins/OccluderHelper). If you're looking for code snippets check out this osgoccluder example or look at the pseudo code below to see a nice green occlusion plane based on four points you can hard code in:

using namespace osg;

int Main()
{
	Group *res = createOcclusionFromPoints();
	cover->getObjectsRoot()->addChild(res);
        return 0;
}

Group*
OccluderHelper::createOcclusionFromPoints()
{
	const Vec3& point1 = Vec3(point1X, point1Y, point1Z);                  //define the points of the plane
	const Vec3& point2 = Vec3(point2X, point2Y, point2Z);
	const Vec3& point3 = Vec3(point3X, point3Y, point3Z);
	const Vec3& point4 = Vec3(point4X, point4Y, point4Z);	
        MatrixTransform occluderMT = new MatrixTransform();
        occluderMT->addChild(createOcclusion(point3, point1, point4, point2));  //note the order
	Group *scene = new Group();
	scene->setName("rootgroup");

	scene->addChild(occluderMT);	
	
	return scene;
}


Node* 
OccluderHelper::createOcclusion(const Vec3& v1, const Vec3& v2, const Vec3& v3, const Vec3& v4)
{
	// create and occluder which will site along side the loadmodel model.
	OccluderNode* occluderNode = new OccluderNode;

	// create the convex planer occluder 
    	ConvexPlanarOccluder* cpo = new ConvexPlanarOccluder;

    	// attach it to the occluder node.
   	occluderNode->setOccluder(cpo);
   	occluderNode->setName("occluder");
    
    	// set the occluder up for the front face of the bounding box.
    	ConvexPlanarPolygon& occluder = cpo->getOccluder();
    	occluder.add(v1);
    	occluder.add(v2);
    	occluder.add(v3);
    	occluder.add(v4);   

   	// create a drawable for occluder.
    	Geometry* geom = new Geometry;
    
    	Vec3Array* coords = new Vec3Array(occluder.getVertexList().begin(),occluder.getVertexList().end());
    	geom->setVertexArray(coords);
    
    	Vec4Array* colors = new Vec4Array(1);
    	(*colors)[0].set(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.5f);
    	geom->setColorArray(colors);
    	geom->setColorBinding(Geometry::BIND_OVERALL);
    
    	geom->addPrimitiveSet(new DrawArrays(PrimitiveSet::QUADS,0,4));
    
    	Geode* geode = new Geode;
    	geode->addDrawable(geom);
    
    	StateSet* stateset = new StateSet;
    	stateset->setMode(GL_LIGHTING,StateAttribute::OFF);
    	stateset->setMode(GL_BLEND,StateAttribute::ON);
    	stateset->setRenderingHint(StateSet::TRANSPARENT_BIN);
    
    	geom->setStateSet(stateset);
       	occluderNode->addChild(geode);    
   
    	return occluderNode;
}

If you have access to 3D Studio Max, you can find instructions on how to install and use the OSG exporter which gives you access to culling and LOD helpers for your 3D models. However, 3ds 9 is not stable with osgExp and will not allow you to have access to these occluderHelpers. I am unaware of any progress to improve osgExp for the newer versions of 3ds. If you choose this option, use it with the stable 3ds 8 or 7 with osgExp version 9.3. Otherwise check out the Calit2Building plugin which manually generates occlusion planes on OpenCOVER based on geometry created in 3ds by parsing through the .osg export file.

Check out the osgoccluder example located in: svn/extern_libs/amd64/OpenSceneGraph-svn/OpenSceneGraph/examples