Revision as of 14:09, 14 May 2015

Project 6: Global Warming

In this project you will need to render a terrain with GLSL shader programs.

This project is due on Friday, May 15th, 2015 at 1:00pm. You need to present your results in the CSE basement labs as usual, grading starts at 12:15pm. Please upload your source code including your shaders to the Ted system by 1pm. You do not need to upload any binaries, including textures, 3D models, etc.

The discussion for this project will be on Monday, May 11th in CSB 002 (note the room change due to construction).

The total score for this project is 100 points, plus 10 for extra credit.

It is widely believed that as a consequence of Global Warming the sea level is going to rise. San Diego has many low lying areas, which would get severely affected even with a moderate increase of the sea level. There are web apps such as this one, which can give you an idea of which areas will be affected, but they are not as interactive as they could be.

The goal of this project is to create a highly interactive 3D visualization tool to show the effects of different water levels on San Diego. You will have to load and render a height map and allow the user to change the water level in real-time.

1. Terrain

In the first step you need to generate and display a 3D mesh out of this 2D height map image of San Diego. The image has a resolution of 1024*1024 pixels and covers an area of about 37*37 miles (60*60 kilometers). The image is in PPM format so that you can read it with your PPM reader from Project 5. The information in the red, green and blue channels is identical for each pixel - you can interpret any one of them as elevation. A gray value of zero translates to an elevation of zero (sea level), a value of 255 translates to an elevation of about 3,500 feet (1,000 meters).

For this project we recommend that you start with your code from project 5 and implement the terrain as a scene graph node. You will not need any of the 3D models from the previous projects. Feel free to keep the sky box - everything looks better with a sky box. You will need your mouse and keyboard routines to rotate, translate and scale the object space.

The steps to generate the height map are as follows:

• Load the height map image and store the elevation data in an unsigned char array of size 1024*1024.
• Create a 1024*1024 array of vertex coordinates (Vector3). Populate the array as follows: the x values should correspond to the array's x index, the z values to the y index. For example: Vector3[x][y].x = x, Vector3[x][y].z = y. The y value should be the corresponding value from the height map array (Vector3[x][y].y = heightmap[x][y]).
• To render the height map, create a triangle mesh with 1023*1023*2 triangles, using the vertex array created above. Make yourself familiar with triangle strips and use them to create the triangle mesh - this way it will render much faster than separate triangles.
• For the vertex colors, use the same gray values as in the PPM file with the height map. We will add color later.
• Support your mouse or keyboard commands to rotate, translate and scale the terrain.
• Add an additional mouse control: when the user clicks within about 100 pixels from the left end of the window, vertical mouse movements should control an exaggeration factor for the elevation. It is often desirable to exaggerate terrain elevation in order to get a better idea of elevation differences.

Notes:

• The tutorial at this link may be helpful for this part of the project.
• The description above uses a "z up" coordinate system - feel free to use a "y up" coordinate system instead.
• Feel free to scale each of the coordinate axes to a range more convenient for you. It may be useful to center the x/y values around the origin; or decide on a physical unit for the vertex coordinates, for instance feet or meters, so that you can display the terrain elevation at the correct height in relation to distances on the ground.
• You need to calculate your own normals for the vertices, and update them every time the elevation exaggeration factor changes.

2. Illumination

Next we want to control the illumination of our terrain. Add a point light source to your scene and remove all other lights in it. Draw a sphere in the location of the point light. Move the point light gradually along a path described by a 2nd order polynomial, an upside down parabola. Put start and end points of the parabola in the southwest and southeast corners of your scene. The parabola can be vertical or slightly tilted. This path imitates the path the sun goes along during the course of a day. When the sun reaches one end point of the parabola, turn its direction around so that it oscillates slowly between the end points (i.e., sunrise and sunset).

Use the parabola's blending functions to control the color of the point light and its spherical representation: when the sun is in the apex make the light white, at the lowest points it should be yellow. Your shader needs to support ambient and diffuse shading.

The light needs to be in the same coordinate system as the terrain: when the user rotates the terrain, the sun should rotate with it.

3. Water Level (15 Points)

Now it is time to increase the water level. We simplify the effect of the increasing sea level by assuming that the water reaches every point on the terrain which is lower than the new water level. In computer graphics terms, all vertex elevations below the new water level need to be modified to match the new water level.

While you could simply modify the vertex coordinates and re-send them to the GPU, in this part of the project you will need to use GLSL vertex shaders to accomplish the task. The starter code in the Git repository has been updated with code templates for the integration of GLSL shaders.

To control the water level you should create a GLSL Uniform variable for the water level in your C++ code and pass it on to the vertex shader. The vertex shader then needs to compare every vertex's y-coordinate to this value and if it is smaller, it needs to match the vertex coordinate with the water level.

Add a mouse routine to control the water level: when the left mouse button is clicked within 100 pixels or so from the right edge of the screen, translate vertical mouse movement to changes of the water level.

Notes:

• Lighthouse3D has excellent tutorials for GLSL shaders.
• For Windows and Linux users, in order to use the OpenGL extensions for shaders, you should download GLee and add the glee.h and glee.c files to your project files, or tell the linker to link with the GLee library (glee.lib or glee.dll for Windows, or libglee.a/libglee.so for Linux). OSX users will not need GLee, as the OpenGL extensions are available by default. In case the GLee server is down, you can find the files in this ZIP file.
• While most CSE lab computers do, some older computers or simpler graphics cards do not support GLSL. Be aware that this might be a problem with your personal computer.

4. Terrain Colors (25 Points)

Write a GLSL fragment shader to color the terrain blue (water), yellow (sand), green (grass), grey (rock) or white (snow), depending on their height. Make sure that as the water level rises the elevation thresholds for the color boundaries are being updated so that the areas just above the water level are sand, while the highest elevations remain to be snow covered (San Diegans will still want to be able to go skiing).

5. Extra Credit: Flight Simulator

Add support for an airplane flight mode, in which the user can use the mouse to control the camera as if flying an airplane: left button and forward/backward should control the pitch of the airplane, left/right controls the roll. The heading is implicitly controlled by the roll. Right mouse button and forward/backward should control the speed.